Understanding Dengue Fever: Symptoms, Prevention, Treatment & Vaccine Options

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection primarily affecting humans. It is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. This disease is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, including Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, and parts of Latin America and Africa.

Symptoms of Dengue Fever:

Dengue fever typically starts with a sudden high fever, which can spike up to 104°F (40°C). Common symptoms include:

• Severe headache
• Pain behind the eyes
• Joint and muscle pain
• Rash
• Mild bleeding (e.g., nose or gum bleeding)

In some cases, dengue can escalate to severe dengue, which is life-threatening. Watch for symptoms like severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding gums, fatigue, and restlessness.

How to Prevent Dengue:

• Avoid Mosquito Bites: The best way to prevent dengue is by avoiding mosquito bites. Use insect repellent, wear protective clothing, and sleep under mosquito nets.
• Eliminate Mosquito Breeding Sites: Aedes mosquitoes breed in standing water. Regularly empty containers, clean gutters, and cover water storage containers.
• Community Efforts: Engage in community-wide initiatives such as fumigation and public health campaigns to reduce mosquito populations.

Treatment Options for Dengue:

There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue. Management focuses on symptom relief and hydration:

• Hydration: Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration, especially in cases of vomiting or high fever.
• Pain Relief: Use acetaminophen (paracetamol) for fever and pain. Avoid NSAIDs like ibuprofen and aspirin as they increase bleeding risks.
• Hospital Care: Severe cases may require hospitalization for symptom management and to prevent complications.

Dengue Vaccine: What You Need to Know:

Dengvaxia, a dengue vaccine, is available in some countries but is recommended only for individuals previously infected with dengue. For those without prior exposure, the vaccine could increase the risk of severe dengue.

Dengue fever is a significant public health concern due to its potential for severe cases and outbreaks. By staying informed, taking preventive measures, and seeking timely medical care, you can help reduce the impact of this disease.